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1939 mv‡j Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib| Zvnvi wcZvi bvg giûg AvjnvR¡ Ave`ym mvgv`| 1954 mv‡j
wZwb MvQevoxqv wbZ¨vb›` †MŠiP›`ª nvB ¯‹zj †_‡K †gwUªKz‡jkb Ges 1956 mv‡j PÆMÖvg
miKvix K‡jR †_‡K AvB.Gm.wm. cvm K‡ib|
wZwb 1961 mv‡j XvKv ‡gwW‡Kj K‡jR †_‡K Gg.we.we.Gm. wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib| 1964 mv‡j
wZwb jÛb †_‡K wW.Gj.I. Ges 1967 mv‡j GwWbev‡M©i i‡qj K‡jR Ae wdwRwkqvb GÛ
mvR©bm †_‡K Gd.Avi.wm.Gm. wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib| 1974 mv‡j Gd.wm.wc.Gm(evsjv‡`k) Ges
1999 mv‡j Abvivix Gdwm.wc.Gm(cvwK¯Ívb) jvf K‡ib| wZwb †`‡k I †`‡ki evB‡i
hy³iv‡R¨i wewfbœ nvmcvZv‡j bvK.Kvb.Mjv †iv‡Mi Dci D”P wkÿv I cÖwkÿY MÖnY K‡ib|
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wewfbœ ¯’v‡b eû AvšÍR©vwZK m‡¤§jb, †mwgbvi I Kg©kvjvq Ask MÖnY K‡ib| ‡`k
we‡`‡ki wewfbœ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mvgqxwK‡Z bvK.Kvb. I Mjv †iv‡Mi Dci Zvi 30wUiI AwaK
cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| wnqvwis B›Uvib¨vkbv‡ji GKRb mwµq m`m¨ wnmv‡e Gi Kvh©µ‡g A‡bK
Ae`vb iv‡Lb Ges †R‡bfvq GB ms¯’vi Kvh©µ‡gi Dbœq‡b wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi †ek K‡qKwU
Kg©kvjvq †hvM`vb K‡i ¯^‡ívbœZ †`‡k ewaiZvi cÖwZ‡iva, cÖwZKvi I cybe©vm‡b civgk©
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1962 mv‡j Z`vbxšÍb c~e© cvwK¯’v‡bi ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi Gwm÷¨v›U mvR©b
wnmv‡e †hvM`vb K‡i 1963 mv‡j D”P wkÿv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ miKvi KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ n‡q I e„wË
jvf K‡i hy³ivR¨ MgY K‡ib Ges †mLvb †_‡K wW.Gj.I. (jÛb) Gd.Avi.wm.Gm. (GwWbevM©)
wWMÖx jvf K‡ib|
PvKzix Rxe‡b wZwb 1967 mvj †_‡K PÆMÖvg †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZv‡j cÖ_g
bvK.Kvb.Mjv wefv‡M mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK I c‡i Aa¨vcK Ges XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡jR I mv‡eK
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`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
wZwb PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GKv‡WwgK KvDwÝj I wm‡bU m`m¨ wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib Ges PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq, †bcv‡ji wÎf~eb wek¦we`¨vjq, cvwK¯’vb, hy³ivR¨
I evsjv‡`‡k wPwKrmv wel‡q ¯œvZK I ¯œvZ‡KvËi cixÿvq cixÿK wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb
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evsjv‡`‡k ewaiZv cÖwZ‡iva, cÖwZKvi I ewai‡`i c~be©vm‡b wZwb ¯^cœ`ªóv
I D‡`¨v³v| Zvi HKvwšÍK cÖ‡Póvq 1987 mv‡j Ó‡mvmvBwU di Gwm÷¨vÝ Uz wnqvwis B‡¤úqvW© wPj‡Wªb (mvwnK)Ó cÖwZwôZ nq| hvi gva¨‡g XvKvi gnvLvjx¯’ ¯^v¯’¨ cjøx‡Z
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi I Rvg©vb gvbewn‰Zlx ms¯’v Av‡Üix wnj‡d&I mvwe©K
mnvqZvi 1992 mv‡j Ób¨vkbvj †m›Uvi di wnqvwis GÛ ¯úxP di wPj‡Wªb (GbwmGBPGmwm)Ó,
1994 mv‡j Óewai wkï‡`i mgwš^Z cÖvK cÖv_wgZ we`¨vjq (BcwmK)Ó, 1999 mv‡j
Ówe‡klvwqZ bvK.Kvb.Mjv nvmcvZvj (†mb_&)Ó, 1996 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvoZjx‡Z
ÓmvwnK PÆMÖvg Dc‡K›`ªÓ cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges A‰eZwbK mvaviY m¤úv`K I A‰eZwbK cwiPvjK
wnmv‡e 2011 mvj ch©šÍ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b wZwb mvwn‡Ki cÖwZôvZv I Dc‡`óv
wnmv‡e wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb| GB cÖwZôvb mgy‡ni myôy cwiPvjbv I Dbœq‡b mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨
mvwnK Uªv÷ cÖwZôv K‡ib, hvi gva¨‡g mvwe©K Kvh©µ‡g Avw_©K mnvqZv `vb Ki‡b| wZwb
GB Uªv‡÷i g¨v‡bwRs Uªvw÷ wnmv‡e wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb|
wZwb A‡Uvj¨vwis‡MvjwRK¨vj †mvmvBwU evsjv‡`k, evsjv‡`k †iW wµ‡m›U
†mvmvBwU, evsjv‡`k d¨v‡gjx cøvwbs G‡mvwm‡qkb, evsjv‡`k b¨vkbvj †mvmvBwU di w`
eøvBÛ (we.Gb.Gm.we); B›Uvib¨vkbvj †dWv‡ikb Ae A‡Uvj¨vwis‡MvjRxK¨vj †mvmvBwU
(AvB‡dvm); wnqvwis B›Uvib¨vkbvj (GBP.AvB.) I Wvqv‡ewUKm G‡mvwm‡qkb Ae evsjv‡`k,
Ab‡KvjRx K¬ve evsjv‡`k mn A‡bK gvbewn‰Zmx RbKj¨vYg~jK ms¯’v I msNU‡bi AvRxeb
m`m¨ Ges PÆMÖvg AvB Bbdvigvix I ‡Uªwbs Kg‡cø· Gi Uªvw÷ †ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vb wnmv‡e
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib Ges eZ©gv‡b Uªvw÷ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i hv‡”Qb|